By WARREN UPHAM.
INDEX.
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Ablation 210 Aboriginal earthworks 284, 313, 347, 349, 354, 390, 412, 413, 431, 611, 643-646 Ada, Minn. 133, 159, 211, 557 Adams, F.D., analyses 537 Adhomar, J., cited 489 Adirondack Mountains, glaciation of 116, 203, 260, 262-263, 505 Aftonian stage of Glacial period 280, 554 Agassiz, Alexander, cited 513 Agassiz, J. Louis R., biographic notes 5 Agassiz, Lake, named for Louis Agassiz 5
area 2, 214, 216, 218, 220, 479 area of its drainage basin 63-64 depth 211, 213, 215, 218-219, 470, 479 duration 198, 200, 225, 240, 242 extension with departure of the ice-sheet 208, 214 islands 167, 288, 304, 345-352, 396 northeastern boundaries 11, 29, 62 northward uplift of basin 147, 217, 224, 227, 267, 382, 474-483, 485 outlet by the River Warren 7, 15, 19, 222, 224, 250, 478 outlets northeastward 215, 216, 226, 231, 443, 479 stages 210, 250, 444, 474, 476 succeeded by Lake Winnipeg 220, 226 tabular list of beaches and their altitudes 476 volume of water discharged from 252 Airy, G. B., cited 494 Alaska, epeirogenic movements 509 Alexander, Lake, Minnesota 159, 163 Algonkian formations 65, 76, 90 Algonquin, glacial lake 233 Alkaline efflorescence 524, 590 Alluvium 166, 201, 208, 253, 265, 292, 317, 334, 354, 378, 380, 438, 583, 590, 697 Almasippi, Manitoba 453 Alta Vista, Minn. 90 Altamont moraine 36, 139, 141 Altitudes of Lake Agassiz area 9, 14, 31, 43 Amenia, N. Dak., artesian well 569 Analyses of alkali efflorescence 524 Analyses of artesian well waters 536-540
Angus, Minn. 455, 459, 562 Antelope moraine 139, 141 Antelope Valley, Worth Dakota 157 Appalachian-Laurentide mountain belt 14, 104 Archean bowlders 120, 130-131, 136, 152, 156, 174, 186, 393, 405, 469, 588, 626 Archean formations 16, 65, 76, 78, 89, 133, 556, 625, 631 Arctic archipelago 102, 112, 127, 503 Arden, Manitoba 371, 424, 441, 580, 644 Ardoch, N. Dak. 466, 574, 585 Area of Lake Agassiz 1, 2, 14, 214, 216, 220, 479 Arrow Hills l30, 140, 175, 177, 271, 406 Artesian water supply 523-581 Artesian wells 2, 13, 74-80, 523-581 Arthur, N. Dak. 417 Arvilla, N. Dak. 165, 403, 418, 436, 573 Assiniboine delta 27, 59, 178, 189, 202, 271, 367, 370-381, 424, 548, 587, 591 Assiniboine River 42, 45, 56, 58, 98, 271, 380, 631 Athabasca, glacial lake 64, 205, 232, 274 Athabasca River 63, 205, 231, 636, 641 Atherton, Minn. 409, 429 Attawapishkat River, glacial striæ 638 Attix Ridge 300 Attraction of the ice-sheet 227-228, 231, 484, 488-491, 498, 515, 522
Bald Hill, N. Dak. 154 Baldwin, S. P., cited 243 Baltic Sea, Champlain subsidence and reelevation 511 Barley, statistics of production 620 Barnesville, Minn. 287, 385, 400, 409, 554-555 Bars, a variety of beach deposits 348 Baseleveling of the Great Plains 102 Bathgate, N. Dak. 463, 469, 576 Beach ridges 3, 26, 147, 167, 196, 199, 217, 221, 261, 267, 276-381, 382-442, 443-473, 506
northward ascent 147, 218, 230, 234, 267, 382, 474-483, 485 tabular list, with altitudes 476 terrace deposits of beach gravel 344, 360, 365, 422 wave action in formation of 348, 386, 421, 446 wells on 548 Beautiful Plain 424-425 Beavers 302, 327 Booker, G. F., cited 495 Bell, Robert, cited 68, 112, 119, 128, 140, 204, 216, 220, 232, 238-239, 275, 505, 508, 542, 636-637
observations of glacial striæ 633 on transportation of bowlders 131 Belly River formation 82-83 Belmont, N. Dak. 166, 218, 462 Belt, T., cited 511 Beltrami, J. C., cited 52, 305 Beltrami Island, of Lake Agassiz 29, 178, 304, 388 Beltrami, Minn. 165, 559 Big Butte, Worth Dakota 162, 171, 209, 243 Big Coulée, North Dakota 268, 270, 317 Big Fork of Rainy River 51, 178, 304-305, 644
Big Slough, Manitoba 178, 377 Big Slough, North Dakota 149 Big Stone Lake 15, 17-18, 45, 141, 198, 208, 222, 265, 427, 643
Bismarck, N. Dak., weather records 592-600 Black Bear Island, Lake Winnipeg 69, 137, 635 Black Island, Lake Winnipeg, moraine 215, 220, 472 Blanchard, N. Dak. 159, 448, 526, 534-535 Blanchard beaches 218, 222, 226, 445-449, 479 Blanford, W. T., cited 513, 547 Blooming Prairie, North Dakota 145 Blue Earth River, Minnesota 254, 264 Blumenfeld, Manitoba 453 Blumenort, Manitoba 464, 467 Bois Brulé River 256 Bois des Sioux River 20, 45, 56, 211-212, 280, 306, 397, 408 Bonanza farms 614 Bonneville, Lake 1, 192, 228, 241, 494, 496, 595 Bottom-lands 20, 270, 292, 342, 605 Boutwell, W. T., cited 173 Bowlder-clay 46, 108, 119, 122, 134 Bowlders 136, 198
abundant in front of beaches 386, 395 localities of, abundant and large 137, 148-149, 152-153, 155, 159, 164-165, 168, 171, 174, 186, 198, 287, 289, 304, 341, 343, 354-355, 386, 393, 395, 405, 411, 469, 583 on Pembina Mountain 41, 137, 404 transportation of 109, 115, 130, 191 worn by buffaloes 139 Boyne River, Manitoba 56, 97, 99, 371, 587 Brainerd, Minn. 543-544 Brandon, Manitoba 368, 370, 374, 580 Brandon glacial lake 271, 377 Brandon Hills 130, 140, 175-176, 271, 368, 406 Breckenridge, Minn. 22, 54, 211, 553, 613, 627 Brick making 625, 627 Brine in wells 75, 78, 100, 537-538, 629 British Columbia, epeirogenic movements 231, 505, 508 British North American Boundary Commission 6, 401, 438 Broken Bone Lake, North Dakota 162, 172, 176, 209, 243 Browns Valley 15, 17, 89, 197, 265, 643 Bryce, George, cited 48, 612, 644 Buffalo delta 27, 189, 212, 290-292, 410 Buffalo River, Minnesota 56, 446, 631 Buffaloes 139, 582, 601 Building stone 625-626 Burns Ridge, Manitoba 187 Burnside, Manitoba 467 Burnside beach 219, 226, 465-468, 479 Butte Mashue 155, 170 Buxton, N. Dak. 159, 165, 448, 452, 455
Caledonia, N. Dak. 159-160, 211, 218, 460 Calf Mountain, Manitoba 644 Calgary, drift near 121 Call, R. E., determination of fossils 238 Cambrian formations 17, 65, 76, 78 Campbell, Minn. 133, 408, 552, 630 Campbell beaches 216, 221, 224, 234, 237, 316, 407-426, 482, 644
Canadian Pacific Railway 49, 52, 135, 187, 204-205, 364, 369, 379, 424, 433, 442, 458, 464, 469 Canadian part of Lake Agassiz 1, 213, 216 Canyon erosion 104-105 Carberry, Manitoba 376, 580 Carman, Manitoba 183, 464, 467, 580 Carman, Minn., artesian wells 540, 544, 547, 560, 630 Casselton, N. Dak. 133, 448, 534, 568 Catskill Mountains, glaciation of 117, 125 Causes of the Glacial period 125, 504, 517 Cavalier, N. Dak. 457, 627 Cedar Lake, Saskatchewan River 46, 61, 636 Chains of lakes 145, 223, 265 Chalmers, R., cited 505 Chamberlin, T. C., cited 4, 7, 76, 109, 129, 132, 179, 234, 492, 498, 517-518, 627
on glacial lakes 195, 208 on limestone detritus in drift 132 on stages of the Glacial period 110, 280, 518 terminal moraines 139 Champlain, Lake 127, 203, 231-232, 255, 262, 264, 505 Champlain epoch 127-128, 233, 255, 259, 263
subsidence 127, 229, 233, 263, 505, 510-511, 519, 521 uplift from the subsidence 234, 264, 507, 511 Channels of preglacial or interglacial rivers 17, 106, 145, 170, 172, 222-223, 270, 280, 317, 554 Chapman, E. J., cited 260 Chater, Manitoba 369, 580 Chazy formations 69-70, 75-76 Chicago and Northwestern Railway 38 Chicago outlet of Lake Warren 257, 260 Chippewa River, Minnesota 19 Churchill River 44, 63, 68, 128, 215, 231, 237, 275, 637 Claypole, E. W., cited 119, 261, 494 Clearwater River, Manitoba 58, 269 Clearwater River, Minnesota 54, 303, 582, 631-632 Clifford, N. Dak. 324, 389, 403 Climatic changes 171
Colemans Valley, N. Dakota 146 Colfax, N. Dak. 434, 566 Colorado Canyon 104-105 Colorado formation 82 Colvin, V., cited 116 Contoocook River, New Hampshire 202 Contraction of the earth 518 Conway, N. Dak. 419, 437, 575 Cooperstown, N. Dak. 151, 154, 243 Cope, E. D., cited 83 Cordilleran mountain belt 14, 101, 119, 122, 242, 513-514, 547
Coste, Eugene, cited 625 Coteau des Prairies 10, 35-36, 86, 91, 140, 149, 151, 308 Coteau du Missouri 10, 35, 106, 137, 140, 206, 267 Cottonwood River, Minnesota 86 Coutchiching series 67 Crazy Mountains, Montana 103 Cretaceous formations 17, 38, 40-41, 44, 60, 66, 74, 81-107, 137-138, 151, 154, 162, 169, 197-198, 304, 306, 317, 340-341, 349, 355, 393, 422, 528, 548, 550, 553, 567, 572, 580, 589, 626, 629
Laramie brackish and fresh water series 84, 106 marine series of Manitoba 83 sources of deposits 101 Crookston, Minn. 53, 133, 447, 454, 459, 526, 560, 613, 627-628, 632, 643 Crosby, W. O., cited 132, 494, 513, 517 Crow Hills, North Dakota 157, 169 Crow Wing River, Minnesota 63 Crust deformation by the ice-sheet 497, 500, 517, 520 Culver, G. E., cited 120, 530 Cummings, N. Dak. 159, 448, 452, 455, 631 Cushing, H. P., cited 243 Cycles of rainfall 595 Cypress Hills, Assiniboia 85, 111, 117-118, 205 Cypress River, Manitoba 58, 98, 368, 371, 376, 580, 645
Dakota, glacial lake 148-150, 254, 266 Dakota Indians 52, 158, 171, 309, 331, 360, 397, 460, 610-611 Dakota lobe of ice-sheet 130, 208, 212, 266, 268, 635 Dakota sandstone 74, 81-82, 84, 86-87, 89, 96, 100, 567-568, 571 Dall, W. B., cited 509 Dalles of Winnipeg River 51 Dalrymple farm 614 Dana, J. D., cited 114, 116, 127-128, 263, 503, 505, 517-518, 605 Darwin, C., cited 509-510, 513 Darwin, G. H., referred to 493 Dauphin, Lake 47-48, 61, 442, 449 Davenport, N. Dak. 448, 567 Davenport beach ridge, Ontario 261 Davidson, G., cited 504 Davis, E. C., leveling 400, 412, 432 Davis, W. M., cited 103, 263 Dawson, George M., cited 6, 49, 71, 100, 110-112, 118-121, 183, 196, 198, 205, 207, 238, 269, 274, 401, 504-507, 509, 524, 595, 605 Dawson, George M., Cretaceous series 82-83, 97
glacial striæ 639 Peace River silts 64 Pembina Monutain escarpment 41 rocks of Assiniboia 85 rocks of Manitoba 72 section of Rosenfeld well 79-80 Dawson, S. J., leveling 50 Dawson Bay, Lake Winnipegosis 48, 73-74 De Geer, G., cited 263, 505, 511 De Villo, N. Dak. 414 Dead Horse Creek, Manitoba 364 Dead Lakes, Manitoba 464 Decomposition of gneiss and granite 89, 107, 132 Deloraine, Manitoba, deep well 83, 529, 534 Deltas 27, 199-200, 208, 211, 215, 242, 246, 253, 290, 298, 315, 333, 357, 367, 370, 390, 402, 438, 584, 590
proportion of modified drift 189, 291 wells on 359, 548-549 Departure of the ice-sheet 126, 521 Desor, E., glacial striæ 637 Detroit, Minn. 45 Devils Heart Hill 156-157 Devils Lake 10, 40, 130, 151, 162, 169-170, 175, 209, 243, 268, 534 Devonian formations 44, 72, 74, 79-80, 588 Diller, J. S., cited 103, 513 Dodge, J. K., analyses 524, 536 Dog Head, Lake Winnipeg 47, 69 Dominion City, Manitoba 133, 466, 578 Donaldson, Minn., flowing well 564 Douglas, Manitoba wells on 369, 371 Dovre moraine 146-158, 208, 210, 242-243, 265, 311, 397 Downer, Minn. 430 Drainage in Red River Valley 428, 459, 585-586 Dresbach formation 74, 78 Drift 108, 132, 134, 534
modified 127, 143, 155, 179-190, 210, 265 thickness of 16, 133, 136-137, 151, 171 Droughts 545, 584, 594 Drygalski, E. von, referred to 248 Duck Mountain 1, 35, 42, 45, 61, 83, 99, 105, 179, 198, 406, 426, 442, 477, 589
Duluth and Winnipeg Railroad 49, 304 Dumont, Minn. 383 Dunes on deltas 28, 200, 298-299, 309, 312, 315, 375-376, 591
Dutton, C. B., cited 104, 494 Dwight, N. Dak., artesian wells 506
Eckelson, N. Dak. 144 Eckelson, Lake 144, 265 Economic resources 2, 582, 625-631 Eden, Manitoba 395 Edinburg, N. Dak. 167, 392 Edwards, B., analysis 542 Eldridge, G. B., referred to 82 Elevations from railway profiles 8, 38-40, 49, 52 Elk Valley, North Dakota 165, 167, 335, 337-353, 437 Elk Valley delta 27, 167, 189, 212, 333-336, 390, 403, 418 Elk Valley farm 614 Elliott, C. G., on drainage 585 Elm Creek, Manitoba 467, 587 Elm Grove, North Dakota 338 Elm River, North Dakota 45, 56, 417 Elysian moraine 141, 147, 152, 208 Embarras River, Minnesota 32, 177 Emerado, N. Dak. 456, 573 Emerado beaches 217-218, 222, 226-227, 454-458, 479, 482 Emerson, B. K., cited 238 Emerson, Manitoba 135, 213, 578 Englacial drift 136, 191, 243, 249, 291, 298, 336, 341, 363 English River 52, 638 Epeirogenic movements 3, 102, 104-105, 118, 125-127, 199, 216, 224, 227-237, 245, 259, 329, 382, 386, 407, 427, 474-522, 596
independent of glaciation 512-515, 520 term proposed by G. K. Gilbert 103 wavelike advance on area of Lake Agassiz 481, 486, 522 Erosion by Lake waves 26, 198-199, 242, 277, 316, 323, 344, 355, 380, 389, 392, 394, 407, 410-411, 415, 420, 422, 434
glacial 89, 132, 588 postglacial 127, 221, 226 preglacial 17, 35, 38, 40, 44, 59, 89, 100, 102, 104, 107, 145, 198, 222, 501-504 Escarpments of preglacial erosion 35, 40, 105, 439 Eskers 175, 179, 183-188, 201, 210, 243, 645 Euclid, Minn. 169, 459, 561 Europe, epeirogenic movements 229 Everest, N. Dak. 448, 567
Fargo, N. Dak. 22, 55, 133, 211, 218, 556, 567, 613 Fargo and Southwestern Railroad 39, 315, 389, 402 Farm work in the Red River Valley 584, 598, 613-615 Farmhouses on beach ridges 3, 276 Faults, absent in uplift of the Lake Agassiz area 483 Fauna, molluscan, of Lake Agassiz 4, 237 Fergus Falls, Minn. 33, 45, 54, 158, 632 Fergus Falls moraine 146, 158-163, 208, 211, 242, 329, 641 First Pembina Mountain 27, 41, 57, 96, 360, 392, 420, 438 Fish Trap Lake, Minnesota 163 Fisher, Minn., wells 561 Fisher, O., cited 494 Fishing Banks, from Newfoundland to Cape Cod 112, 503 Fishing Lakes, Qu'Appelle River 197, 273 Fjords 102, 501, 507, 509-510 Flaxseed, statistics of production 623 Fleming, S., cited 261 Flood stages of Lake Agassiz 252 Floods of Assiniboine River 58, 380, 542 Flora of the Red River basin 582, 601-610 Flowers of prairies and beach ridges 284, 307, 425, 609-610 Flowing wells 523-581 Fluctuations of lake levels 250, 252, 277 Fluvial deposits 166, 201, 208, 253 Forest bed, interglacial 554-555 Forest, causes of limitation 604 Forest part of Lake Agassiz area 1, 29-30, 44, 279, 387, 413, 583, 586 Forest River, N. Dak. 56, 340, 348, 437, 535, 585, 587, 631 Forest trees, species of45, 299, 304, 343, 389, 413, 602-603 Fort Abercrombie, N. Dak. 55, 429 Fort Benton formation 81-82, 84, 86, 92, 96, 106, 550, 553, 556, 565, 567, 629 Fort Frances, Ontario 50, 632, 640 Fort Pierre formation 81-83, 86, 90-91, 94, 96, 98, 153, 170, 173, 189, 269-270, 333, 394, 405, 439, 581, 642 Fort Totten, N. Dak. 156-157, 169, 644 Fossils, Cretaceous 82, 86, 92, 95
Belemnitella manitobensis 98 Inoceramus problematicus 91, 99 Lamna mudgei 94 Nucula cancellata 91 Ostrea congesta 97, 98, 99 Otodus appendiculatus 87 Pachyrhizodus latimentum 94 Placenticeras placenta 91 Scaphites nicolletii 91, 95
Litorina litorea 512 Sphærium striatinum 237
Unio luteolus 237 Yoldia (Leda) arctica 506
Franklin, John, referred to 275 Frenchmans Bluff, Minnesota 159, 296 Frog Portage, Churchill River 275, 637 Frosts, earliest and latest 599, 620 Fruits 590, 624
Galena limestone 70-71, 74, 76-77, 79-80 Galesburg, N. Dak. 324, 326 Gardar, N. Dak. 352, 354, 392, 419 Gary moraine 37, 139, 141 Gas, natural 563, 571, 631 Geikie, A., referred to 493, 517 Geikie, James, cited 109, 125, 510, 517-518 Geologic formations underlying the drift 65 Giants Range, Minnesota 30-32, 177 Gilbert, G. K., cited 4, 199, 227, 232, 238, 261, 492, 595, 598
on Lake Bonneville 192, 194, 494, 496 on Lake Iroquois 257-262 on rhythmic stream erosion 224 Glacial currents 109, 126, 129, 167, 182, 243, 247, 262, 351, 640 Glacial erosion 89, 132, 588 Glacial lakes, defined 194
in Europe 5 in Sargent County, N. Dak. 148-149, 152, 266 influence on deposition of drift 190, 242 of the Peace and Athabasca basins 63, 206, 255, 274 of the St. Lawrence basin 126, 202, 255-264 Glacial rivers 149, 161, 167, 179, 182, 196, 205, 234, 292, 298, 336, 362, 418 Glacial striæ 108, 115, 129-130, 132, 182, 239 Glacial watercourses 164-165 Glaciers contemporaneous with Lake Bonneville 194 Gladstone, Manitoba 234, 236, 371, 464, 580 Gladstone beaches 218, 237, 462-465, 479, 483
Glen Roy, parallel roads of 5 Glenboro, Manitoba 373, 580 Glenora prairie, Manitoba 269 Glyndon, Minn. 253, 446, 555 Gneiss bowlders 138 Gold mining 625 Golden Lake, N. Dak. 168, 330 Golden Valley, North Dakota 165, 167, 336, 342-344, 349, 437 Goodchild, J. G., referred to 511 Goose Rapids, Red River 55, 159, 165-166 Goose River, North Dakota 55, 56, 93, 327, 332, 336, 631 Graceville, Minn. 281 Grafton, N. Dak., artesian wells 74, 77, 133, 536, 575, 627
Grandin, N. Dak. 133, 451, 455, 525-526, 569 Grandin Farming Company 614 Granite 66-67, 75, 77, 89, 107, 157, 353, 359, 393, 469 Grant, U. S., cited 625 Grasses 601, 606-609, 621 Gravitation toward the ice-sheet 227, 231, 488-491, 498, 515, 522 Gray, J. T., cited 556 Great Basin, Pleistocene lakes 192, 240, 242, 598 Great Bear Hills 44 Great Northern Railway 40, 148, 172, 267, 282, 286, 322, 324, 333, 346, 351, 387, 390, 397, 412, 418, 432, 450, 613 Great Salt Lake 193 Greely, A. W., cited 506, 512 Green Mountains, glaciation of 115, 202 Green Ridge, Manitoba 466 Greene, N. Dak. 450 Greenland ice-sheet 12, 123, 129, 195, 242, 506
Greenleaf, J. L., cited 632 Gretna, Manitoba, wells 581 Griffiths Hill, Manitoba 185 Grindstone Point, Lake Winnipeg 69 Grinnell Land, Champlain marine submergence 506, 512 Griswold, Manitoba 376-377 Grosse Isle, Manitoba 187, 645 Groves in prairie region 277, 336, 338, 342, 350 Guelph formation 73, 80 Gulf Stream, probable changes in Glacial period 513 Gypsum 94
Hall, C. W., cited 530, 547, 556 Hall James, referred to 497 Hallock C., cited 401, 433, 630, 643 Hamilton, N. Dak. 463, 468, 575 Hamlin, C. E., cited 113 Hand Hills 85 , 117-118 Hansen, A. H., cited 5 Harrison, J. B., cited 513 Hatchet Lake 231-232, 636 Hatton, N. Dak. 334, 390, 572 Havard, V., cited 608 Hay, statistics of production 621 Hayden, F. V., cited 81 Hayes River 67, 226, 635 Heart Mound 96 Hector, J., glacial striæ 638 Heerman, E. E., on fluctuations of Devils Lake 595 Helgesen, H. T., valuation of horses and cattle 624 Helland, A., cited 243, 248 Herman, Minn. 68, 133, 282 Herman beaches 7, 164, 209-210, 213-214, 216, 221, 234-235, 243, 250, 276-381, 407, 475, 484, 498 Herschel, J., referred to 497 Highwood Mountains, Montana 103 Hilgard, E. W., cited 515 Hillsboro, N. Dak. 211, 451, 455, 571, 631 Hillsboro beach 217-218, 222, 226, 446-447, 449-454, 479 Himalaya Mountains 195, 513-514 Hind, H. Y., cited 48, 59-60, 62, 100, 198, 221, 272, 357, 473, 629 Hinde, G. J., cited 261 Hitchcock, C. H., cited 113-114, 118, 505, 508
Hobart, N. Dak. 144, 154 Hoffman, G. C., analysis 537 Holcomb. S., lignite 630 Holland, Manitoba, wells 580 Homestead laws 613 Hook beach deposits 318, 428 Hope, N. Dak. 161 Hopkins, W., referred to 493 Hubbard, B., cited 595 Hudson Bay, epeirogenic movements 3, 102, 230, 237, 507-508 Hudson-Champlain, glacial lake 202, 254, 262, 264 Hudson River 203, 232, 262, 264 Hudson River formation 70, 79 Hudson Strait 112, 633 Hull, Edward, cited 490 Humboldt, Minn., artesian well 74, 536-537, 545, 565, 629 Hangerford, E., cited 115 Hunter, N. Dak. 435 Hutton, F. W., cited 517
barrier of Lake Agassiz 3, 5, 15, 110, 113, 126, 129, 146, 192, 195, 236, 378, 490 boundaries 110 crust deformation by 497, 500, 510, 520-521 currents of 109, 126, 167, 247 lobes of 129-130, 142, 160, 167, 171, 177, 182, 190, 208, 210, 243, 292, 329 of Greenland 12, 123, 129, 195, 242, 248, 506 of northern Europe 510-511, 515 of Patagonia 509 recession of 126, 130, 160, 191, 195, 201, 203, 209, 214, 216, 229, 240, 247, 521, 596 remnants, latest 128, 233, 240 Illinois River 198, 203, 256 Immigration591, 612 India, irrigation 547 Indian agriculture 610, 616 Indian corn, statistics 620 Indian mounds 284, 313, 347, 349, 354, 390, 412-413, 431, 611, 643-646 Inkster, N. Dak. 348, 391, 418, 437, 643 Interglacial formations 100, 261, 506, 554 Interglacial stream channels 145, 222-223, 270, 280, 554 International boundary 401 Iowa, eastward extent of Cretaceous formations 87 Iowan stage of Glacial period 110, 141, 280, 554 Iroquois, glacial lake 203, 233, 254, 257-262 Iroquois beach 258 Irrigation by artesian water 545-547 Irving, R. D., referred to 76 Islands of Lake Agassiz 167, 288, 304, 345-352, 396 Isle à la Crosse Lake 68, 275, 637 Isostasy 494, 497, 501, 512 Itasca, Lake 10, 32-33, 173, 181, 210, 243 Itasca moraine 32, 146, 173-177, 209, 212, 242 Ives, Minn. 432
James River, North Dakota 134, 137, 149, 151, 197, 266 James River Valley, artesian wells 100, 208, 528-536 Jamestown, N. Dak., artesian well 529, 531, 538, 544, 546-547 Jamieson, T. F., cited 5, 125, 494, 497, 510 Jordan sandstone 17, 74, 78 Jukes-Browne, A. J., cited 513
Kansan stage of Glacial period 110, 141, 280, 554 Katahdin, Mount, glaciation of 113, 115, 124 Keating, W. H., cited 17, 48, 50, 52, 57 Keewatin, Canada 29 Keewatin formations 66-67, 472 Kelso, N. Dak. 451, 455, 570 Kemnay, Manitoba 373, 375, 378 Kendall, P. P., referred to 511 Kenogami Lake 204, 637 Kettle Hill, beaches 217-218, 445, 454, 458, 464, 477 Kettle-holes 174 Keystone, Minn., artesian wells 562 Keystone farm 614 Kiester moraine 141, 152, 208 King, Clarence, cited 82, 493 Koochiching, Minn 50, 632 Kootanie basin, glacial lake 208 Kronsfeld, Manitoba 448 Kronsthal, Manitoba 464
Lac du Bonnet, Winnipeg River 52, 137 Lac qui Parle 18-19, 198 Lac Seul (Lonely Lake) 52 Lacustrine silts 160, 201, 242, 256, 316, 362, 380, 438, 583, 590 Lafayette period, erosion 107 Lahontan, Lake 1, 192, 241 Lake of the Woods 29, 49, 51, 67, 137, 181, 198, 210, 304, 388, 402, 586 Lake Superior lobe of the ice-sheet 142 Lakes, fluctuations of level 594-598
in valleys of glacial rivers 197 of Lake Agassiz area 46 of preglacial or interglacial watercourses 145, 223, 265 Land, laws for acquiring, from United States 613 Langdon, N. Dak. 151, 175, 601 Langs Valley 8, 57, 176, 197, 269, 271, 363, 377, 581 Laramie formation 84, 106, 173, 268, 642 Larimore, N. Dak. 23, 165, 212, 333, 345, 352, 436, 574 La Salle River, Manitoba 56 Last Mountain Lake, Assiniboia 60, 197, 272 Laurentian drift bowlder 120-121 Laurentian formations 66-67, 75, 239 Laurentian lakes 102, 126, 180, 196, 198, 203, 255, 260, 594 Laurentide highlands 114, 119-120, 141, 202, 260
Lawson, A. C., cited 49, 183, 257, 625 Leaf Hills, Minnesota 30, 33, 139, 158, 163, 181, 243 Leaf Hills moraines 146, 158, 163-173, 208, 212, 242, 298, 350, 641 Le Conte, Joseph, cited 104, 493, 503-504, 513 Leda clays 508 Leech Lake, Minnesota 33, 173 Leonard, N. Dak. 316, 389, 402, 415, 434, 567 Lesquereux, L., cited 87, 605 Leveling, altitudes of beaches 9, 226, 279, 407
Lewis, T. H., surveys of Indian mounds 643 Lieberg, John B., cited 608 Lightnings Nest 309, 388 Lignite 82, 85-86, 88-89, 92, 100, 361, 558, 568, 629 Lime-burning 71, 625-626 Limestone drift bowlders 137, 155, 157, 170, 174, 183, 588, 626, 640 Limestone gravel 286, 313, 319-320, 322, 353, 359, 361, 364, 392, 394, 416, 425, 459, 466, 588, 591, 640 Limits of plant species in the Red River basin 601-610 Lindenkohl, A., cited 263, 503 Lisbon, N. Dak. 148 Little Falls, Minnesota147, 159 Little Fork of Rainy River 51, 100, 640 Little Goose River, North Dakota 332 Little Pembina River 93, 358 Little Saskatchewan River 47-48, 61 Little Stony Mountain, Manitoba 71, 471, 626, 636 Lobes of the ice-sheet 129, 142, 160, 167, 171, 177, 182, 190, 208, 210, 243, 292, 329, 418 Lockhart, Minn. 296, 558 Lockhart farm 614, 630 Loess 180, 515 Logan, W. E., cited 239 Lonely Lake (Lac Seul) 52, 638 Long, Stephen H., cited 50 Long Lake, Assiniboia 60, 197, 272 Long Lake, Manitoba 59 Long Sault, Rainy River 50, 644 Lost River, Minnesota 164, 303 Low, A. P., cited 140, 635 Lowdons Ridge 441 Lower Fort Gary, Manitoba 55, 71-72 Lower Magnesian formation 17, 74-76, 78, 80 Lower Silurian formations 17, 68, 74-75, 80, 548 Lundy, glacial lake 233 Lyell, Charles, cited 260, 517
McCauleyville, Minn. 55, 253, 429, 554, 643 McCauleyville beaches 216, 221, 224, 234, 316, 427-442, 482 McConnell, R. G., cited 111, 117, 122, 196 McGee, W. J., cited 179, 494 McGregor, Manitoba 381, 449 Mackenzie River 63, 81, 119, 122, 231, 255, 275 Mackintosh, D., cited 239 Macoun, John, cited 239, 275, 604, 609 Madison sandstone 78 Maigaard, C., referred to 123 Maize, statistics of production 621 Malaspina ice-sheet 128 Mammoth bones under the Herman beach 322 Manitoba, Lake 1, 3, 34, 43, 45, 48, 61, 72, 213, 241 Manitoba, great lakes of 216, 220, 230, 241, 586 Manitoba and Northwestern Railway 370, 394, 424, 441, 445, 449, 458, 467 Manitoba escarpment 35, 40, 105, 214-215, 439 Manitou Rapids, Rainy River 50, 639 Manston, Minn. 399, 409 Manvel, N. Dak. 466, 574, 23 Maple Lake, Minn. 47, 164-165, 209, 221, 299-302, 352 Maple Ridge 450 Maple River, North Dakota 57, 161, 317, 415, 450 Map of shore-lines 276, 279, 410, 431 Marine submergence during the Champlain epoch 127, 229, 264, 505 Marshes 283, 286-287, 321, 385, 397, 459, 584-587 Marsh River, Minn. 53, 56, 585 Maryland, Manitoba 467 Mattawa River 233, 262 Mauvaise Butte, North Dakota 171 Mauvaise Coulée, North Dakota 176, 268, 595 Mayville, N. Dak. 436, 534-535, 572, 631 Medlicott, H. B., cited 513, 547 Meek, F. B., cited 81 Mekinock, N. Dak. 139, 456 Mennonite Reserve, Manitoba 526, 607 Merjelen See 192, 194 Merrill, F. J. H., cited 263-264 Mesabi moraine 32, 146, 177-179, 213, 243, 306 Mesabi Range, Minnesota 30-32, 177 Methy Portage 64, 231-232, 275 Michigan, Lake, compared with Lake Agassiz 200, 203, 240, 288, 318, 421 Middle River, Minnesota 585 Midway, Manitoba 449 Mille Lacs, Minnesota 159 Millwood series 83 Milne, John, cited 112 Milnor, N. Dak. 149, 211, 311 Milnor beach 211, 233, 310, 312, 328 Milton, N. Dak. 93, 175 Minneapolis, Minn. 139, 210, 243, 641 Minnesota, highest land in 31 Minnesota, glacial lake 35, 142, 254, 264 Minnesota Geological Survey, work on Lake Agassiz and adjacent moraines 7, 139, 142, 147, 159, 163, 177, 551, 555, 557 Minnesota lobe of ice-sheet 130, 141, 208, 212, 264, 336, 350, 635 Minnesota River 15, 66, 130, 254, 264, 427, 443 Minnesota Valley 16, 142, 189, 197, 222, 224, 265, 317, 605 Minnewaukan, N. Dak. 158, 169, 171 Minot, N. Dak. 173, 601
Mirage in Red River Valley 21 Missinaibi lake and river 204, 508 Mississippi River, analysis of water 543 Mississippi Valley, erosion of 107 Missouri River in preglacial time 106 Mitchell, Minnesota 428-429, 554 Modified drift 127, 143, 155, 170, 179-190, 210, 222, 239, 242, 262, 265, 269-270, 308, 316, 334, 378, 552 Molluscan fauna of Lake Agassiz 4, 237 Mono, Lake 193-194 Montana formation 82 Montgomery, H., cited 539 Montreal, Canada 202, 231, 262, 263 Mooreton, N. Dak. 414, 566 Moorhead, Minn. 22, 55, 133, 211, 218, 613, 627 Moose Nose, Manitoba 184 Moraines, marginal, of the ice-sheet 10-11, 21, 109, 134, 136, 139-179, 2Ol, 2O8, 210, 215, 341, 472, 559, 583
short time required for their formation 242, 245 Morris, Manitoba 133, 220, 471 Mossy portage 219, 468, 470, 477 Mossy River, Manitoba |